HydrateWise
Sources and editorial approach
Primary guidance and evidence used for HydrateWise content.
We prefer public-health guidance, peer-reviewed research and recognised professional bodies. Product recommendations never alter calculations.
NHS: Water, drinks and hydration
General guidance about fluids and drinks.
EFSA dietary reference values for water
European adequate-intake reference and evidence review.
ACSM: Exercise and fluid replacement
Professional position statement about exercise hydration.